Home Immunology & Inflammation ROS inhibitor Allopurinol For research use only.

Allopurinol

Allopurinol is a purine analog inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, used to treat gout or kidney stones, and to decrease levels of uric acid.

Allopurinol Chemical Structure

Allopurinol Chemical Structure

CAS No. 315-30-0

Purity & Quality Control

Allopurinol Related Products

Biological Activity

Description Allopurinol is a purine analog inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, used to treat gout or kidney stones, and to decrease levels of uric acid.
Targets
xanthine oxidase [1]
In vitro
In vitro Allopurinol reverses the increased xanthine oxidase activity in ischemia-reperfusion injury of neonatal rat hearts. Allopurinol (10 mM) treatment suppresses xanthine oxidase activity induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation injury and the production of reactive oxygen species. Allopurinol also decreases the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ increased by enhanced xanthine oxidase activity. [1]
In Vivo
In vivo Allopurinol shows abnormal pyrimidine metabolism together with renal toxicity which could be ameliorated by uridine, indicating that Allopurinol essentially causes pyrimidine metabolism abnormality leading to renal impairment in normal mice. Allopurinol increases urinary OD excretion to an extent similar to that in normal mice administered the same dose of Allopurinol in DNFB-sensitized mice. [2] Allopurinol promotes a clinical improvement which is accompanied by a reduction in the parasitic load in the blood, skin and lymph nodes but, even after long period of allopurinol administration alone, Leishmania may persist in dog tissues in Leishmania-infected dogs. [3] Allopurinol prevents early alcohol-induced liver injury in rats, most likely by preventing oxidant-dependent activation of NF-kappaB. [4] Allopurinol protects dose-dependently against acetaminophen-induced cell injury, the loss of ATP and the increase of the GSSG content in the total liver and in the mitochondrial compartment without inhibiting reactive metabolite formation in mice. Allopurinol almost completely inhibits hepatic xanthine oxidase and dehydrogenase activity, but only high doses prevents the increase of the mitochondrial GSSG content. [5]
NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT05665699 Recruiting
Gout
InventisBio Co. Ltd
 April 17 2023 Phase 2
NCT05193838 Unknown status
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Assiut University
 May 1 2022 --
NCT05360628 Completed
Healthy
InventisBio Co. Ltd
 November 1 2021 Early Phase 1
NCT04853615 Not yet recruiting
SGLT2i Kideny Protection Against Contrast in Diabetic Kidney
Fayoum University|Cairo University
 July 1 2021 --

Chemical Information & Solubility

Molecular Weight 136.11 Formula

C5H4N4O
CAS No. 315-30-0 SDF Download Allopurinol SDF
Smiles C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC=N2
Storage (From the date of receipt)

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 27 mg/mL ( (198.36 mM) Moisture-absorbing DMSO reduces solubility. Please use fresh DMSO.)

Ethanol : 3 mg/mL

Water : Insoluble


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In vivo
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Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O, mix and clarify.

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Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

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